The Black Mamba (Dendroaspis polylepis) is a long, slender snake which inhabits the different regions of sub-Saharan Africa. It is the most feared snake in that continent. According to recorded hospital statistics, there are an average of 2,500 Black Mamba's bites per year, with 30 deaths, in Africa.
It belongs to the Elapidae family of snakes, like the cobras. Thus, its glands secretes a potent neurotoxic venom. It can bite any part of the victim's body because it has the fangs located well forward on its upper jaw. It is diurnal and feeds mainly on rats and other rodents. It is usually found in the savannas and other grassy plains.
Physical Description
The Black Mamba is dark grey or olive in color, with the belly being creamy or pale green. The upper portion of the body is often speckled with black blotches, especially on the flanks. The adult can measure up to 3.50 m long, but the average length is 2.50 m. It has smooth scales, with 23-25 rows at mid body. Rows of ventral scales are between 239 and 281.
The head is elongated and 'coffin-shaped'. It has round pupils and a pronounced brow ridge. The inside of the mouth is dark bluish or black. Although it is not really black, it is called Black Mamba due to the black mouth lining. The female lays a clutch of 12-18 large eggs each year, with the hatchlings measuring between 45 and 60 cm in length.
Habitat and Distribution
The Dendroaspis polylepis is usually encountered in either the moist and dry savanna areas. However, it can also be found in the coastal bush and the woodland. Although it is usually found in the southern third portion of Africa, it is widespread in this continent. Since this species is widespread, its presence was also reported in the southern border of the Sahara desert. An experienced snake collector in Burkina Faso was bitten three times and killed by a Black Mamba; he had never encountered one before and did not think it was aggressive. This snake moves fast, very fast, and one has to be very careful.
Below, a photo of a Black Mamba taken in the woodland of South Africa.
