Medulla Oblongata

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The medulla oblongata is a vital structure of the central nervous system, which lies at the base of the encephalon (brain), right above the foramen magnum. It is the lower portion of the brainstem as it is located between the pons and the spinal cord, which lies below. The posterior surface of the medulla...

Pons Varolii

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The pons varolii is a rounded anatomical structure of the central nervous system, lying at the base of the brain. Being part of the brainstem, it is located between the midbrain and the medulla oblongata. Essentially, it is a white thick band of myelinated nerve fibers which links the cerebral cortex...

Basal Ganglia

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The basal ganglia are a group of subcortical structures located at the base of the brain in each cerebral hemisphere. They are essentially composed of the caudate nucleus, putamen, and the globus pallidus. Many anatomists also include the substantia nigra as part of this group of grey masses. They...

Hippocampus

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The hippocampus is a C-shaped structure of the human brain. It is located deep within the temporal lobe, being part of the lower and medial wall of the cerebral hemisphere. It forms a ridge on the floor of inferior horn of each lateral ventricle. Together with the amygdala and hypothalamus, it is part...

Allocortex

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The allocortex is the most primitive part of the cerebrum. It is located on the inferior surface of the cerebral cortex and it is a very small area in relation to the cortex as a whole. Unlike the neocortex (or isocortex), which is composed of a six-layered structure, the allocortex has three layers...

Amygdala

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The amygdala is an almond-shaped, grey-matter structure located in the inferior portion of temporal lobe in each cerebral hemisphere. It is bigger in male than in female. It receives afferent fibers from the medulla oblongata and sends efferent nerve projections to the hypothalamus and thalamic reticular...

Insular Cortex

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Also known as insula, the insular cortex is the part of the human cerebral cortex which is buried deep in the Sylvian fissure. It is a deep fold formed by the massive overgrowth of the temporal, frontal, and parietal lobe on the lateral aspect of cerebral hemispheres. It is located laterally to the...
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